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The ultimate guide to choosing and using menstrual cups

Get the download on menstrual cups, including tips for how to use them.

Published: November 6, 2023 |7 minute read

Written by: Lauren Arcuri

Young boy holds both his parents hands as he smiles up at his dad.

Menstrual cups are becoming more popular, and for good reason. These little wonders can be a great alternative to tampons and pads. They offer a cost-effective,1 comfortable and environmentally sustainable solution for keeping you secure and dry during your period.

But navigating the world of menstrual cups can be a bit daunting for those who are new to them. We’ll walk you through what you need to know — from how they work to choosing the

In this article:

What is a menstrual cup?

Menstrual cups are designed to collect menstrual fluid, rather than absorbing it in a pad or tampon. They’re typically made of medical-grade silicone, latex or rubber.2 They often come with a stem at one end that helps make them easier to remove.

Before trying one, it’s a good idea to speak to a health care provider.3

Once inserted into the vagina, the cup forms a secure seal, preventing leaks and allowing for up to 12 hours of wear — significantly longer than a tampon or pad.4 Because they’re reusable, some last for years with proper care.5

“Users must realize they are making a long-term investment when purchasing a menstrual cup. The upfront cost is higher than disposable period products,” says Barbra Hanna, DO, gynecologist and founder of MyMenopauseRxLLC.6

Beyond this, menstrual cups are more comfortable for some people. Unlike some tampons, they don’t dry out the vaginal canal, making them suitable for people with sensitive or easily irritated skin.7

What’s more, “menstrual cups can be a great device for people who are experiencing heavy periods in perimenopause,” according to Dr. Hanna.8 When even a super tampon does not prevent leaks, a menstrual cup — which can hold a sizable volume — can be a great alternative.9

How do menstrual cups work?

To recap, menstrual cups are another way to manage period flow. Unlike traditional tampons and pads, which absorb menstrual fluid, cups “sit snugly against the cervix and directly collect and store menstrual fluid instead of absorbing it,” explains Dr. Hanna.10

How to use a menstrual cup?

Not every cup is the same. Before you start using one, it’s a good idea to talk to a health care provider — and it’s essential to read the instructions on the cup’s packaging carefully. There may be variations in insertion and removal techniques among different products, so following the manufacturer’s guidelines is key.

“Using a menstrual cup can take practice, particularly when you first begin using the device,” says Dr. Hanna.11

Generally, menstrual cups can be inserted by following these steps:

  • Wash your hands thoroughly. Hygiene is key.
  • Find a comfortable position, sitting or standing, and gently fold the cup according to the instructions.12
  • Begin insertion. “Gently separate the labia with your free hand,” says Dr. Hanna.13
  • Relax the muscles and slowly insert the cup into the vaginal canal, aiming it toward your tailbone.
  • Check to make sure the cup is securely inserted. “Once the cup is in the vagina, it will unfold with its edges against the vaginal walls,” says Dr. Hanna.14 “Gently run your fingers around the edges of the cup to ensure it has opened all the way.”15

Menstrual cups can generally be removed by following these steps:

  • Take a deep breath and relax the pelvic muscles.
  • Gently squeeze the base of the cup to break the seal (very important!) and slowly pull it out.
  • Keep the cup upright as you remove it, then empty the cup’s contents into the toilet.
  • Rinse it with warm water and clean it with soap — see below for more cleaning instructions.16

Remember: Practice makes perfect. It may take a few tries, but you’ll get there!

Menstrual cups for beginners

For both beginners and experienced users, there are many menstrual cup brands to choose from. Each offers unique benefits and features. “Finding the best menstrual cup is a process of trial and error,” says Dr. Hanna.17

Manufacturers offer different sizes of cup because vaginas are many different shapes. Follow their instructions to choose the proper menstrual cup for you.

Here are some of the brands out there:

  • DivaCup. This well-established brand has a range of sizes to suit different needs.
  • Cora Cup. The Easy-Does-It Cup is made of ultra-soft medical silicone and has an intuitive finger indent, making it easy for beginners to fold and insert it like a tampon.
  • Flex Cup. Designed to be beginner-friendly, the Flex Discovery Kit comes in two sizes with a patented pull tab for easy removal. The pull tab breaks the cup’s seal.
  • Intimina Ziggy Cup. This flat-fit menstrual cup has a flexible, petal-thin body that is easy to insert and conforms to your body.
  • Intimina Lily Cup. Made of medical-grade silicone, this cup has a unique shape that provides a comfortable fit for many women.
  • CVS Health Menstrual Cup. This price-friendly cup comes in two sizes.

How to clean a menstrual cup

It’s important to clean a menstrual cup properly, since it goes inside your body. Always follow the cup manufacturer’s recommendations for best care, explains Dr. Hanna.18

Generally, you can follow these steps:

  • After removal, empty the cup into the toilet.
  • Rinse the cup thoroughly with warm water to remove any fluid. (“If you are in a public restroom without a sink in the stall, you can simply wipe out the cup and replace it,” advises Hanna.19)
  • If desired, use a mild, unscented, water-based soap or menstrual cup wash to clean the interior and exterior of the cup.
  • Avoid harsh chemicals, scented soaps, antibacterial agents or any soap that contains natural oils.
  • Be sure to clean all the air holes and the rim thoroughly, stretching the silicone gently to rinse clean under running water.
  • Store the cup in a breathable cloth pouch or the provided case.
  • Before and after your period, sanitize the cup by boiling it in water for a few minutes, then allow it to air-dry.20

*This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice. Consult with your health care provider before taking any vitamins or supplements, and prior to beginning or changing any health care practices.